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IB Paper 1 - Prescribed subject 3: The move to global war - Content
This is the source paper, 2 case studies, 4 questions, 1 hour. This prescribed subject focuses on military expansion from 1931 to 1941. The first case study explores Japanese expansionism from 1931 to 1941, and the second case study explores German and Italian expansionism from 1933 to 1940. |
Background knowledge
1853 Jul: US Commodore Perry arrives in Japan
1854 Mar: Treaty of Kanagawa with the US
1861 Mar: Kingdom of Italy established
1867 Apr: North German Confederation formed
1868 Jan: Meiji Restoration Apr: Five Articles
1870 Jul: Italian unification completed
1871 Jan: German unification completed
1879 The start of 'Scramble for Africa'
1884-99 Germany establishes colonies in Africa and the Pacific
1885 Italian colonies of Eritrea and Somaliland established in Africa
1894 Aug: First Sino-Japanese War begins
1895 Apr: Treaty of Shimonoseki with China; Triple Intervention
1896 Mar: Italy defeated at battle of Adowa
1902 Jan: Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1904 Feb: start of Russo-Japanese War
1905 Aug: Treaty of Portsmouth (USA)
1910 Dec: Italian Nationalist Association formed
1911-12 Italo-Turkish war- Italy establishes colony of Italian East Africa
1911 Oct: 'Double Tenth' Revolution in China
Impact of WW1
1914 Aug: First World War begins
1915 Jan: Twenty-One Demands' presented to China. May: Treaty of London (Italy)
1918 Jan: Wilson's Fourteen Points
1919 Jun: Treaty of Versailles. May: May Fourth Movement protests in China. Sept: Treaty of St. Germain; D'Annunzio seizes Fiume
1920 Jan: League of Nations established. Feb: Hitler launches Nazi Party
1921 Oct: Mussolini forms National Fascist Party. Nov: start of the Washington Conference
1922 Oct: March on Rome; Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
1923 Aug: Corfu Incident. Nov: Hitler's unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch
1924 Feb: Pact of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia
1925: Locano Treaty
1926 Apr: Shanghai Massacre ends First United Front in China. Jul: start of the Northern Campaign in China. Sept: Germany allowed to join League of Nations
1928 Kellog-Briand Pact
1929 Oct: Wall Street Crash in the US begins the Great Depression, Stresemann dies
1930 Nov: Assassination attempt on prime minister Hamaguchi
The Case Studies 1931-1941
1931 Sep: Japan starts invasion of Manchuria
Dec: Lytton Commission appointed
1932 Jan: First 'Shanghai Incident'
Feb: World Disarmament Conference begins
Mar: Japan transforms Manchuria to 'Manchukuo'
May: Assassination of prime minister Inukai
1933 Jan: Hitler appointed chancellor
Feb: Eastern Monroe Doctrine announced, League votes to accept the Lytton Report
March: Japan leaves League of Nations
Oct: Germany leaves Disarmament Conference and League of Nations
Nov: Germany begins rearmament
1934 Jan: World Disarmament Conference ends in failure; Nazi Germany makes a Pact with Poland.
Jul: Hitler attempts Anschluss with Austria.
Sept: USSR joins LoN.
1935 Mar: Hitler announces German rearmament and reintroduces conscription.
Apr: Stresa Front formed.
Oct: Italian invasion of Abyssinia
Nov:LoN applies sanctions to Italy
1936 Feb: attempted military coup in Japan
Mar: German re-occupation of the Rhineland.
Jul: Germany and Italy’s intervention in the Spanish Civil War.
Sep: Japan signs anti- Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, Goring's Four-Year Plan
Oct: Rome-Berlin Axis (Italy and Germany)
Nov: Anti-Comintern Pact (Germany and Japan)
Dec: Second United Front in China
1937 Mussolini launches the Romanita exhibitions
May: Neville Chamberlain becomes British PM
Jul: Japan invades China, start of Second Sino-Japanese War
Sep: China appeals to League; Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Oct: League gives China 'spiritual support'; Nine-Power Treaty Conference;
Nov: Roosevelt's 'Quarantine Speech'; Italy signs Anti-Comintern Pact (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis)
Dec: 'Rape of Nanjing', Britain, France and US grant loans to China. Italy leaves the LoN
1938 Mar: German Anschluss with Austria.
Jul: start of 'Border War' with the Soviet Union
Sept: Munich Conference leads to German occupation of Czech Sudetenland.
1939 Mar: Germany invades rest of Czechoslovakia, Lithuania forced to give Memel to Nazi Germany
Apr: Italy annexes Albania
May: Pact of Steel (Germany and Italy)
Aug: Nazi-Soviet Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop), Japan defeated at battle of Khalkhin- Gol;
Sept: Germany Invades Poland, Britain and France declare war. Ceasefire in 'Border War'.
1940 Apr: Germany invades Denmark and Norway
May: Germany invades Netherlands, Belgium, and France
June: Italy enters the war on the side of Germany, France surrenders.
Jul: 'Main Principles of Fundamental National Policy' announced
Aug: Italy invades British Somaliland, 'Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere' announced
Sep: Tripartite Pact signed; Japanese forces enter north Indochina; US announces economic sanctions against Japan, Italy attacks Egypt
Oct: US restricts trade with Japan, Italy invades Greece
1941 Apr: Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact, Germany invades Greece and Yugoslavia.
Jun: Nazi invasion of Soviet Union begins
Jul: Imperial Conference; Japan invades south Indo-china; US trade bans on Japan, and Japanese assets in US frozen and US imposes total ban on trade with Japan
Dec: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
1853 Jul: US Commodore Perry arrives in Japan
1854 Mar: Treaty of Kanagawa with the US
1861 Mar: Kingdom of Italy established
1867 Apr: North German Confederation formed
1868 Jan: Meiji Restoration Apr: Five Articles
1870 Jul: Italian unification completed
1871 Jan: German unification completed
1879 The start of 'Scramble for Africa'
1884-99 Germany establishes colonies in Africa and the Pacific
1885 Italian colonies of Eritrea and Somaliland established in Africa
1894 Aug: First Sino-Japanese War begins
1895 Apr: Treaty of Shimonoseki with China; Triple Intervention
1896 Mar: Italy defeated at battle of Adowa
1902 Jan: Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1904 Feb: start of Russo-Japanese War
1905 Aug: Treaty of Portsmouth (USA)
1910 Dec: Italian Nationalist Association formed
1911-12 Italo-Turkish war- Italy establishes colony of Italian East Africa
1911 Oct: 'Double Tenth' Revolution in China
Impact of WW1
1914 Aug: First World War begins
1915 Jan: Twenty-One Demands' presented to China. May: Treaty of London (Italy)
1918 Jan: Wilson's Fourteen Points
1919 Jun: Treaty of Versailles. May: May Fourth Movement protests in China. Sept: Treaty of St. Germain; D'Annunzio seizes Fiume
1920 Jan: League of Nations established. Feb: Hitler launches Nazi Party
1921 Oct: Mussolini forms National Fascist Party. Nov: start of the Washington Conference
1922 Oct: March on Rome; Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
1923 Aug: Corfu Incident. Nov: Hitler's unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch
1924 Feb: Pact of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia
1925: Locano Treaty
1926 Apr: Shanghai Massacre ends First United Front in China. Jul: start of the Northern Campaign in China. Sept: Germany allowed to join League of Nations
1928 Kellog-Briand Pact
1929 Oct: Wall Street Crash in the US begins the Great Depression, Stresemann dies
1930 Nov: Assassination attempt on prime minister Hamaguchi
The Case Studies 1931-1941
1931 Sep: Japan starts invasion of Manchuria
Dec: Lytton Commission appointed
1932 Jan: First 'Shanghai Incident'
Feb: World Disarmament Conference begins
Mar: Japan transforms Manchuria to 'Manchukuo'
May: Assassination of prime minister Inukai
1933 Jan: Hitler appointed chancellor
Feb: Eastern Monroe Doctrine announced, League votes to accept the Lytton Report
March: Japan leaves League of Nations
Oct: Germany leaves Disarmament Conference and League of Nations
Nov: Germany begins rearmament
1934 Jan: World Disarmament Conference ends in failure; Nazi Germany makes a Pact with Poland.
Jul: Hitler attempts Anschluss with Austria.
Sept: USSR joins LoN.
1935 Mar: Hitler announces German rearmament and reintroduces conscription.
Apr: Stresa Front formed.
Oct: Italian invasion of Abyssinia
Nov:LoN applies sanctions to Italy
1936 Feb: attempted military coup in Japan
Mar: German re-occupation of the Rhineland.
Jul: Germany and Italy’s intervention in the Spanish Civil War.
Sep: Japan signs anti- Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, Goring's Four-Year Plan
Oct: Rome-Berlin Axis (Italy and Germany)
Nov: Anti-Comintern Pact (Germany and Japan)
Dec: Second United Front in China
1937 Mussolini launches the Romanita exhibitions
May: Neville Chamberlain becomes British PM
Jul: Japan invades China, start of Second Sino-Japanese War
Sep: China appeals to League; Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Oct: League gives China 'spiritual support'; Nine-Power Treaty Conference;
Nov: Roosevelt's 'Quarantine Speech'; Italy signs Anti-Comintern Pact (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis)
Dec: 'Rape of Nanjing', Britain, France and US grant loans to China. Italy leaves the LoN
1938 Mar: German Anschluss with Austria.
Jul: start of 'Border War' with the Soviet Union
Sept: Munich Conference leads to German occupation of Czech Sudetenland.
1939 Mar: Germany invades rest of Czechoslovakia, Lithuania forced to give Memel to Nazi Germany
Apr: Italy annexes Albania
May: Pact of Steel (Germany and Italy)
Aug: Nazi-Soviet Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop), Japan defeated at battle of Khalkhin- Gol;
Sept: Germany Invades Poland, Britain and France declare war. Ceasefire in 'Border War'.
1940 Apr: Germany invades Denmark and Norway
May: Germany invades Netherlands, Belgium, and France
June: Italy enters the war on the side of Germany, France surrenders.
Jul: 'Main Principles of Fundamental National Policy' announced
Aug: Italy invades British Somaliland, 'Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere' announced
Sep: Tripartite Pact signed; Japanese forces enter north Indochina; US announces economic sanctions against Japan, Italy attacks Egypt
Oct: US restricts trade with Japan, Italy invades Greece
1941 Apr: Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact, Germany invades Greece and Yugoslavia.
Jun: Nazi invasion of Soviet Union begins
Jul: Imperial Conference; Japan invades south Indo-china; US trade bans on Japan, and Japanese assets in US frozen and US imposes total ban on trade with Japan
Dec: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor