Lesson 2 - What is fascism?
There was a time in the distant past when I first started teaching, that students needed to make a quite an effort of imagination to understand how and why authoritarianism took hold over Western civilisation. Gradually over the last twenty years the warning signs have become increasingly easy to spot. Remarkably, from 2016 to 2020 my classes have been able to conduct serious analyses on whether the president of the USA was a modern authoritarian or even a fascist. As Marx had famously said history has a tendency to repeat itself, first time as tragedy, second time as farce.
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The incredulity of these lessons was sometimes mixed with humour (see the films above). It is inevitable that intelligent teenagers have significant difficulty in taking a man like Donald Trump seriously. But then the attempted insurrection of January 2021 happened.
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'If this election were overturned by mere allegations from the losing side, our democracy would enter a death spiral. We’d never see the whole nation accept an election again. Every four years would be a scramble for power at any cost.' Mitch McConnell, just before the attempted Capitol insurrection, January 2021
Further reading for 2021 On the symbolism of the insurrectionists and their meaning see this useful article from National Geographic. On what might happen next to American democracy see this November 2021 article in the Guardian. |
Is Fascism an ideology?
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Where do you stand ideologically?
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I've been doing this quiz with my students for 20 years and the results are always predictable and almost never change.
Click here to take the test. |
Modern authoritarianism and the importance of World War One.
As we saw in the previous lesson, Europe's ruling elites had always feared what would happen if democracy was introduced. In Britain there was a sense of relief that first post war elections had brought the war time government back to power. As David Reynolds says in the film below, 'the big bang of democracy had been contained. But not every country was so fortunate'.
As we saw in the previous lesson, Europe's ruling elites had always feared what would happen if democracy was introduced. In Britain there was a sense of relief that first post war elections had brought the war time government back to power. As David Reynolds says in the film below, 'the big bang of democracy had been contained. But not every country was so fortunate'.
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Video - David Reynolds Long Shadow on the impact of World War One on Europe.
Watch the video from 11.40 and consider the following questions:
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