Lesson 5 - Franklin D Roosevelt and the New Deal
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The First New Deal - 1933-1934
The New Deal is often summed up by the 'Three Rs':
In reality it is actually quite difficult to consistently distinguish between the application of the 'Three R's' because many measures actually targetted two or more of the goals. But broadly speaking we can say that 'Relief' was more important at the beginning of the New Deal and 'Reform' was more important at the end. In addition, the long-term significance of the New Deal is measured in terms of the Reforms that were introduced.
The New Deal is often summed up by the 'Three Rs':
- relief - for the unemployed through short-term federal spending
- recovery - of the economy through federal spending and job creation to get people spending again
- reform - of capitalism, by means of regulatory legislation and the creation of new social welfare programs.
In reality it is actually quite difficult to consistently distinguish between the application of the 'Three R's' because many measures actually targetted two or more of the goals. But broadly speaking we can say that 'Relief' was more important at the beginning of the New Deal and 'Reform' was more important at the end. In addition, the long-term significance of the New Deal is measured in terms of the Reforms that were introduced.
Relief |
Recovery |
Reform |
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) May 12, 1933 Gave immediate help to those that needed it in the form of cash payments. |
Works Progress Administration (WPA) April 8, 1935 Repair and construction of roads, bridges, public parks, and public buildings, the WPA also paid for federal art, theater, music, theatre, and writing programs. |
Social Security Administration August 14, 1935 Provided a new federally administered system of social insurance for the aged financed through payroll taxes paid by employees and their employers. |
The Textbook 218-20 outlines the main features of the First New Deal and the Khan Academy provides you with the essentials that will get you through the Matu. The Digital Library of America also provides a good clear, multimedia summary.
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Make a table like the one below and using your textbook evaluate the success of the various measures of Roosevelt's New Deal.
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The Second New Deal
Page 221. In 1935 Roosevelt introduced what became known as the Second New Deal. Explain why the Second New Deal was introduced and create a new table similar to that created for the first New Deal.
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Also consider the following:
https://www.johndclare.net/America9.htm
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcrdcwx/revision/1
Extension
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